![]() ![]() Major proliferation of transposable elements shaped the genome of the soybean rust pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi Recently, we have coupled various bioinformatics tools to our database explore the CAZyme content of hundreds of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, as well as many metagenomic datasets. To make the classification available to the community, we have created the CAZy database (which has been meticulously curated and updated since its first version in 1998. This classification currently includes 5 enzyme categories (glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases and auxiliary activities) and their appended carbohydrate-binding modules. During the last 20 years we have developed a classification in sequence-based families that correlate with the structure and catalytic mechanism of CAZymes. Unlike most other classes of enzymes whose sequences carry limited informative power, the peculiarities of CAZymes and of their substrates turn these enzymes into extremely powerful probes to examine and explain the lifestyle of living organisms. We term carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) the enzymes that assemble and breakdown complex carbohydrates and carbohydrate polymers. Cazymes classification within CAZyĬarbohydrates are crucial for most organisms as carbon sources or as signaling molecules, but also for cell wall synthesis, host pathogen interactions, energy storage etc. This work find developments in various areas, from the exploration of the gut microbiota to the search of novel enzymes for bio-fuel production or blood group conversion.
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